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- Title
Parameterizing Sea Surface Temperature Cooling Induced by Tropical Cyclones: 2. Verification by Ocean Drifters.
- Authors
Liu, Xin; Zhang, Da‐Lin; Guan, Jian
- Abstract
This study analyzes sea surface responses to tropical cyclones (TCs), based on sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean surface current (VOS) data from 57 buoy drifters, together with satellite SST and sea surface height anomaly data, associated with nine TCs during the year of 2016 in order to validate the TC‐induced SST cooling (SSTC) parameterization scheme developed in Part 1. Results show that the drifters‐measured SSTs compare favorably to the satellite detected, except near the coastline and at high latitudes, and that SSTCs are negatively correlated with sea surface height anomaly. During TC passage, VOS usually rotate clockwise on the right‐hand side of TC tracks, but their rotating directions cannot be specified on their left‐hand side. After TC passage, most drifters, located on both sides, show clockwise rotation. These results help characterize the responses of SST and VOS to TCs into the following three modes: (i) significant increases in VOS during TC passage, followed by strong SSTC; (ii) decreases or little changes in VOS, followed by SSTC; and (iii) little changes in both VOS and SSTC. All the three response modes are reasonably included in the SSTC parameterization scheme. After optimizing three empirical constants, based on the drifters' data, the scheme's performance is evaluated by comparing the parameterized SSTC to the drifters‐measured SSTs, showing satisfactory results in terms of the starting time, duration, strength, and rate of SSTCs. An error analysis shows a mean value of about 20% of the observed SSTC with a small standard deviation, confirming the effectiveness of the SSTC parameterization scheme. Plain Language Summary: In this study, we examine sea surface responses to the passage of tropical cyclones (TCs), based on observational data taken from ocean buoy drifters, in order to validate the TC‐induced sea surface temperature (SST) cooling parameterization scheme presented in Part I of this series of papers. Results show some interesting features in ocean surface currents during TC passage. These features have been more or less included in our TC‐induced SST cooling theory. An error analysis shows a mean value of about 20% of the observed SST cooling with a small standard deviation, which confirms the effectiveness of the SST cooling parameterization scheme. Key Points: We analyzed sea surface responses to tropical cyclone passage using SST and ocean current data from 57 buoy drifters and satellite dataThree different sea surface responses in terms of the starting time, duration, strength, and rate of SST cooling and ocean currents are foundAll the three response modes are well parameterized by the SST cooling scheme, when verified against the drifters‐measured data
- Subjects
OCEAN temperature; OCEAN surface topography; TROPICAL cyclones; PARAMETERIZATION; OCEANOGRAPHY
- Publication
Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans, 2019, Vol 124, Issue 2, p1232
- ISSN
2169-9275
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2018JC014118