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- Title
BIOLOGICAL AND GEOLOGICAL TRAITS OF TERRESTRIAL MUD VOLCANOES - A REVIEW.
- Authors
REMIZOVSCHI, Alexei; CARPA, Rahela; DRĂGAN-BULARDA, Mihail
- Abstract
Mud volcanoes represent related formations, which have structural and functional similarities and can be found on land and in undersea zones. Mud volcanoes are different from other geological forms by their capacity to expell different forms of materia (gas, water and sediment) and the relatively violent kind of performing it. The sizes of mud volcanoes go from very small up to kilometers, shapes go from caldera to cones and they can exhibit from almost inaction to rising columns of fire. The mud consistency also differ, from aqueous to high viscosity, and the emissions can involve high quantities of methane and carbon dioxide. Volcanoes releasing thermogenic methane have the reservoirs at profound depths, while the ones with biogenic gas have the reservoirs no deeper than 2000 m. This review provides informations regarding genesis and distribution of mud volcanoes, and also the description of morphology and topology of the mud volcano and the adjacent area. The classification types are set out, as well as the phenomenon of mud volcanism. In the end the expelled products are identified, different post-genetic processes being established, thus it can be assessed if the expelled products are of thermogenic or biogenic nature. Microbiological processes within mud volcanoes were also described from anaerobic oxidations, aerobic oxidations to methanogenesis. Both, Archaea and Bacteria are involved in these prcesses. Common patterns were identified for mud volcanoes which harbour a large array of bacterial and archaeal phyla. Mud volcanoes have a consistent share in the natural gass emissions into the atmosphere. They have a global occurance and give us a different way to investigate the Earth's interior, yet are largely unresearched.
- Subjects
MUD volcanoes; METHANE; VOLCANIC eruptions; ARCHAEBACTERIA; METHANOTROPHS
- Publication
Annals of Oradea University, Biology Fascicle / Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Fascicula Biologie, 2018, Vol 25, Issue 2, p70
- ISSN
1224-5119
- Publication type
Article