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- Title
COVID 19 and Anemia in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome.
- Authors
Qader, Md. Abdul; Sultana, Azmeri; ul Quader, Mohammed Maruf; Rumana, Jubaida; Khondaker, Tarannum; Kanon, Naito; Hanif, Mohammed
- Abstract
Context: Children with COVID 19 present with less severe disease and require fewer hospitalizations than adults. Our previous study on children with renal disease and COVID 19, which included predominantly children with nephrotic syndrome, found anemia in a significant number of participants. Aims: This study aimed at evaluating the risk factors of anemia in children with nephrotic syndrome presenting with COVID 19 and the influence of anemia on hospital outcome. Methods: This case--control study was conducted at five pediatric nephrology centers in two major cities of Bangladesh. Consecutive patients with nephrotic syndrome and positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were included as cases, and subsequently, two cases of nephrotic syndrome with negative PCR were enrolled as controls. Participants who presented between April 2020 and December 2020 were included, and demographic data, clinical features, and laboratory parameters were retrieved from hospital records for analysis. Results: A total of 22 children with nephrotic syndrome were positive with COVID 19 and subsequently, 44 children were included as control. The median age was 6.4 years in the cases and 5.2 years among the control. Most children presented with the initial episode of nephrotic syndrome. The children in the case group had a significantly lower hemoglobin level than the controls, and anemia was associated with raised inflammatory markers. In multivariate analysis, female sex and impaired renal function was associated with lower hemoglobin, but anemia did not have effect on hospital outcome. Conclusions: Anemia in children can be multifactorial. Anemia in nephrotic syndrome associated with COVID 19 does not appear to influence length of hospital stay and outcome.
- Subjects
BANGLADESH; EVALUATION of medical care; LENGTH of stay in hospitals; COVID-19; HEMOGLOBINS; CASE-control method; RISK assessment; ANEMIA; POLYMERASE chain reaction; NEPHROTIC syndrome in children; HOSPITAL care of children; CHILD mortality; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Asian Journal of Pediatric Nephrology, 2022, Vol 5, Issue 1, p21
- ISSN
2589-9309
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.4103/ajpn.ajpn_30_21