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- Title
Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk of Breast Cancer by Hormone Receptor Status.
- Authors
Jung, Seungyoun; Spiegelman, Donna; Baglietto, Laura; Bernstein, Leslie; Boggs, Deborah A.; van den Brandt, Piet A.; Buring, Julie E.; Cerhan, James R.; Gaudet, Mia M.; Giles, Graham G.; Goodman, Gary; Hakansson, Niclas; Hankinson, Susan E.; Helzlsouer, Kathy; Horn-Ross, Pamela L.; Inoue, Manami; Krogh, Vittorio; Lof, Marie; McCullough, Marjorie L.; Miller, Anthony B.
- Abstract
Background Estrogen receptor–negative (ER−) breast cancer has few known or modifiable risk factors. Because ER− tumors account for only 15% to 20% of breast cancers, large pooled analyses are necessary to evaluate precisely the suspected inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of ER− breast cancer. Methods Among 993 466 women followed for 11 to 20 years in 20 cohort studies, we documented 19 869 estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and 4821 ER− breast cancers. We calculated study-specific multivariable relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and then combined them using a random-effects model. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Total fruit and vegetable intake was statistically significantly inversely associated with risk of ER− breast cancer but not with risk of breast cancer overall or of ER+ tumors. The inverse association for ER− tumors was observed primarily for vegetable consumption. The pooled relative risks comparing the highest vs lowest quintile of total vegetable consumption were 0.82 (95% CI = 0.74 to 0.90) for ER− breast cancer and 1.04 (95% CI = 0.97 to 1.11) for ER+ breast cancer (Pcommon-effects by ER status < .001). Total fruit consumption was non-statistically significantly associated with risk of ER− breast cancer (pooled multivariable RR comparing the highest vs lowest quintile = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.04). Conclusions We observed no association between total fruit and vegetable intake and risk of overall breast cancer. However, vegetable consumption was inversely associated with risk of ER− breast cancer in our large pooled analyses.
- Subjects
BREAST cancer; CANCER prevention; BREAST cancer risk factors; FOOD habits; ESTROGEN receptors; CANCER risk factors; REGRESSION analysis
- Publication
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2013, Vol 105, Issue 3, p219
- ISSN
0027-8874
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/jnci/djs635