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- Title
Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy measures of neural activity in children with and without developmental language disorder during a working memory task.
- Authors
Hancock, Allison S.; Warren, Christopher M.; Barrett, Tyson S.; Bolton, David A. E.; Gillam, Ronald B.
- Abstract
Introduction: Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) exhibit cognitive deficits that interfere with their ability to learn language. Little is known about the functional neuroanatomical differences between children developing typically (TD) and children with DLD. Methods: Using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy, we recorded oxygenated hemoglobin (O2hb) concentration values associated with neural activity in children with and without DLD during an auditory N‐back task that included 0‐back, 1‐back, and 2‐back conditions. Analyses focused on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Multilevel models were constructed with accuracy, response time, and O2hb as outcome measures, with 0‐back outcomes as fixed effects to control for sustained attention. Results: Children with DLD were significantly less accurate than their TD peers at both the 1‐back and 2‐back tasks, and they demonstrated slower response times during 2‐back. In addition, children in the TD group demonstrated significantly greater sensitivity to increased task difficulty, showing increased O2hb to the IPL during 1‐back and to the DLPFC during the 2‐back, whereas the DLD group did not. A secondary analysis revealed that higher O2hb in the DLPFC predicted better task accuracy across groups. Conclusion: When task difficulty increased, children with DLD failed to recruit the DLPFC for monitoring information and the IPL for processing information. Reduced memory capacity and reduced engagement likely contribute to the language learning difficulties of children with DLD.
- Subjects
LANGUAGE disorders; NEAR infrared spectroscopy; SHORT-term memory; PARIETAL lobe; STIMULUS &; response (Psychology)
- Publication
Brain & Behavior, 2023, Vol 13, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
2162-3279
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/brb3.2895