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- Title
Bone morphogenetic proteins, activins, and growth and differentiation factors in tumor immunology and immunotherapy resistance.
- Authors
Ganjoo, Shonik; Puebla-Osorio, Nahum; Nanez, Selene; Hsu, Ethan; Voss, Tiffany; Barsoumian, Hampartsoum; Duong, Lisa K.; Welsh, James W.; Cortez, Maria Angelica
- Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily is a group of secreted polypeptides with key roles in exerting and regulating a variety of physiologic effects, especially those related to cell signaling, growth, development, and differentiation. Although its central member, TGF-β, has been extensively reviewed, other members of the family— namely bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins, and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs)—have not been as thoroughly investigated. Moreover, although the specific roles of TGF-β signaling in cancer immunology and immunotherapy resistance have been extensively reported, little is known of the roles of BMPs, activins, and GDFs in these domains. This review focuses on how these superfamily members influence key immune cells in cancer progression and resistance to treatment.
- Subjects
GROWTH differentiation factors; BONE morphogenetic proteins; TRANSFORMING growth factors; ACTIVIN; IMMUNOLOGY
- Publication
Frontiers in Immunology, 2022, Vol 13, p1
- ISSN
1664-3224
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033642