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- Title
Management of gastric cancer in Latin America.
- Authors
García, Carlos A.; Lim, Fiona; Wan, Bo Angela; Torres-Quevedo, Rodrigo; Silva, Mauricio F.
- Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cancer death at the global level, with an estimated 725,000 people who die for this annually; it is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. GC is one of the most common tumours in some Latin American (LA) countries, especially on the Pacific coast border. The aetiology of gastric cancer is multifactorial. Helicobacter pylori (HP), is responsible for over 80% of cases worldwide and in Latin America, especially the intestinal variety. There are currently no screening programs in asymptomatic patients in LA. The diagnosis is made through an upper digestive endoscopy and biopsy. The computed axial tomography (CT) of the abdomen, pelvis and thorax is considered as a minimum study for staging, which is primarily aimed at specifying the existence of lymphatic, hepatic and peritoneal meta-stases. Other diagnostic tools available are endosonography, laparoscopy, magnetic resonance and PET CT. The extent of the disease (cTNM) defines the treatment of the GC. For very early lesions (cT1a) endoscopic resection is indicated. For advanced loco-regional tumours, the combination of surgery, plus chemotherapy or radiotherapy is the most effective alternative. The sequence of each of them depends on factors associated with the patients, as well as the availability of the health centres. The management alternatives for metastatic tumours are surgery (bleeding or obstruction), chemotherapy and general medical support. The CG prognosis depends on the final or pathological TNM stage.
- Subjects
LATIN America; CANCER chemotherapy; COMPUTED tomography; ENDOSCOPIC ultrasonography; HELICOBACTER pylori; LAPAROSCOPY; MAGNETIC resonance imaging; STOMACH tumors; POSITRON emission tomography; TUMOR classification; ENDOSCOPIC gastrointestinal surgery
- Publication
Journal of Pain Management, 2019, Vol 12, Issue 3, p245
- ISSN
1939-5914
- Publication type
Article