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- Title
Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression in Lymphomas: State of the Art.
- Authors
Zanelli, Magda; Fragliasso, Valentina; Parente, Paola; Bisagni, Alessandra; Sanguedolce, Francesca; Zizzo, Maurizio; Broggi, Giuseppe; Ricci, Stefano; Palicelli, Andrea; Foroni, Moira; Gozzi, Fabrizio; Gentile, Pietro; Morini, Andrea; Koufopoulos, Nektarios; Caltabiano, Rosario; Cimino, Luca; Fabozzi, Massimiliano; Cavazza, Alberto; Neri, Antonino; Ascani, Stefano
- Abstract
The interaction of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on T lymphocytes with its ligands Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Programmed Death Ligand 2 (PD-L2) on tumor cells and/or tumor-associated macrophages results in inhibitory signals to the T-cell receptor pathway, consequently causing tumor immune escape. PD-L1/PD-L2 are currently used as predictive tissue biomarkers in clinical practice. Virtually PD-L1 levels expressed by tumor cells are associated with a good response to immune checkpoint blockade therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. These therapies restore T-cell antitumor immune response by releasing T-lymphocytes from the inhibitory effects of tumor cells. Immune checkpoint therapies have completely changed the management of patients with solid cancers. This therapeutic strategy is less used in hematological malignancies, although good results have been achieved in some settings, such as refractory/relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Variable results have been obtained in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphomas. Immunohistochemistry represents the main technique for assessing PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. This review aims to describe the current knowledge of PD-L1 expression in various types of lymphomas, focusing on the principal mechanisms underlying PD-L1 overexpression, its prognostic significance and practical issues concerning the evaluation of PD-L1 immunohistochemical results in lymphomas.
- Subjects
DIFFUSE large B-cell lymphomas; PROGRAMMED death-ligand 1; T-cell lymphoma; LYMPHOMAS; IMMUNE checkpoint proteins
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, Vol 25, Issue 12, p6447
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms25126447