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- Title
The effect of a surgeon's position on the axial inclination of dental implants placed freehand: a single-blind study.
- Authors
Efstathiou, Andreas; Machtei, Eli E.; Zigdon-Giladi, Hadar; Gutmacher, Zvi; Horwitz, Jacob
- Abstract
Objectives: To examine whether a surgeons' position affects the axial angulation of dental implants placed freehand. Method and materials: Implants' axial angulation was assessed on digital panoramic radiographs. An occlusal line was plotted based on the neighboring teeth/crowns. The mesial angle between the long axis of the implant and the occlusal line was measured. In addition, post-hoc ideal implant-positioning planning was done on the panoramic digital image, and the angle of the intersection between the long axis of the actual and posthoc ideal implant was measured. Student t test for unpaired observations and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov nonparametric tests were utilized to compare the ipsi- and contralateral sides and between clinicians. Results: Seventy-seven patients (149 implants) were eligible for the study. Implants had slight mesial inclination (mean 97.7 ± 8.7 degrees) which was similar for both the ipsi- (98.2 ± 8.4 degrees) and contralateral sides (97.2 ± 9.1 degrees), P = .491. For the post-hoc planning versus actual placement comparison, the overall median (interquartile range) of implant angular deviation was minimal (-0.25 degrees [-2.98, +3.47]). This was true for both the ipsilateral (-0.5 degrees [-2.9, +2.9]) and contralateral (-0.2 [-4.2, +5.4]) sides, P = .55. For the actual versus post-hoc planning, most observations clustered around the midline (zero to minimal deviation), while for the implant to occlusal plane angle, a tendency towards slight mesial angulation was observed. Conclusions: Dental implants placed freehand by experienced clinicians have only slight axial de viation as measured from post-hoc optimal position. Implants placed in ipsilateral and contralateral sides and by leftand right-dominant-hand clinicians had similar angulations.
- Subjects
AXIAL loads; DENTAL implants; PANORAMIC radiography; OPERATIVE surgery; MALOCCLUSION; BODY movement; DIGITAL diagnostic imaging
- Publication
Quintessence International, 2021, Vol 52, Issue 9, p798
- ISSN
0033-6572
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3290/j.qi.b1098297