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- Title
Pharmacogenomics of Old and New Immunosuppressive Drugs for Precision Medicine in Kidney Transplantation.
- Authors
Turolo, Stefano; Edefonti, Alberto; Syren, Marie Luise; Montini, Giovanni
- Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the preferred therapeutic option for end-stage kidney disease, but, despite major therapeutic advancements, allograft rejection continues to endanger graft survival. Every patient is unique due to his or her clinical history, drug metabolism, genetic background, and epigenetics. For this reason, examples of "personalized medicine" and "precision medicine" have steadily increased in recent decades. The final target of precision medicine is to maximize drug efficacy and minimize toxicity for each individual patient. Immunosuppressive drugs, in the setting of kidney transplantation, require a precise dosage to avoid either adverse events (overdosage) or a lack of efficacy (underdosage). In this review, we will explore the knowledge regarding the pharmacogenomics of the main immunosuppressive medications currently utilized in kidney transplantation. We will focus on clinically relevant pharmacogenomic data, that is, the polymorphisms of the genes that metabolize immunosuppressive drugs.
- Subjects
KIDNEY transplantation; INDIVIDUALIZED medicine; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE agents; PHARMACOGENOMICS; CHRONIC kidney failure; DRUG metabolism; ALLOIMMUNITY
- Publication
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2023, Vol 12, Issue 13, p4454
- ISSN
2077-0383
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/jcm12134454