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- Title
SARS-CoV-2's brain impact: revealing cortical and cerebellar differences via cluster analysis in COVID-19 recovered patients.
- Authors
Romero-Molina, Angel Omar; Ramirez-Garcia, Gabriel; Chirino-Perez, Amanda; Fuentes-Zavaleta, David Alejandro; Hernandez-Castillo, Carlos Roberto; Marrufo-Melendez, Oscar; Lopez-Gonzalez, Diana; Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Mónica; Castorena-Maldonado, Armando; Rodriguez-Agudelo, Yaneth; Paz-Rodriguez, Francisco; Chavez-Oliveros, Mireya; Lozano-Tovar, Susana; Gutierrez-Romero, Alonso; Arauz-Gongora, Antonio; Garcia-Santos, Raul Anwar; Fernandez-Ruiz, Juan
- Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a disease known for its neurological involvement. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers neuroinflammation, which could significantly contribute to the development of long-term neurological symptoms and structural alterations in the gray matter. However, the existence of a consistent pattern of cerebral atrophy remains uncertain. Objective: Our study aimed to identify patterns of brain involvement in recovered COVID-19 patients and explore potential relationships with clinical variables during hospitalization. Methodology: In this study, we included 39 recovered patients and 39 controls from a pre-pandemic database to ensure their non-exposure to the virus. We obtained clinical data of the patients during hospitalization, and 3 months later; in addition we obtained T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and performed standard screening cognitive tests. Results: We identified two groups of recovered patients based on a cluster analysis of the significant cortical thickness differences between patients and controls. Group 1 displayed significant cortical thickness differences in specific cerebral regions, while Group 2 exhibited significant differences in the cerebellum, though neither group showed cognitive deterioration at the group level. Notably, Group 1 showed a tendency of higher D-dimer values during hospitalization compared to Group 2, prior to p-value correction. Conclusion: This data-driven division into two groups based on the brain structural differences, and the possible link to D-dimer values may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of SARS-COV-2 neurological disruption and its impact on the brain during and after recovery from the disease.
- Subjects
COVID-19; CLUSTER analysis (Statistics); SARS-CoV-2; CEREBRAL atrophy; MAGNETIC resonance imaging
- Publication
Neurological Sciences, 2024, Vol 45, Issue 3, p837
- ISSN
1590-1874
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10072-023-07266-x