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- Title
The exposome for kidney stones.
- Authors
Goldfarb, David
- Abstract
The exposome is the assembly and measure of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime. An individual's exposures begin before birth and include insults from environmental and occupational sources. The associated field is called exposomics, which relies on the application of internal and external exposure assessment methods. Exposomics has not yet been thoroughly applied to the study of kidney stones although much is known about how diet and fluid intake affect nephrolithiasis. Some other novel exposures that may contribute to kidney stones are discussed including use of antibiotics, urbanization and migration to urban heat islands, and occupation. People whose school and jobs limit their access to fluids and adequate bathroom facilities may have higher prevalence of stones. Examples include athletes, teachers, heathcare workers, and cab drivers. Occupational kidney stones have received scant attention and may represent a neglected, and preventable, type of stone. An exposomic-oriented history would include a careful delineation of occupation and activities.
- Subjects
RENAL colic; KIDNEY stones; URINARY calculi; URINARY organ diseases; PREVENTIVE medicine; THERAPEUTICS; DIAGNOSIS; MEDICAL care
- Publication
Urolithiasis, 2016, Vol 44, Issue 1, p3
- ISSN
2194-7228
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00240-015-0847-4