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- Title
Prevalence of Transmitted HIV Drug Resistance in Iran between 2010 and 2011.
- Authors
Jahanbakhsh, Fatemeh; Hattori, Junko; Matsuda, Masakazu; Ibe, Shiro; Monavari, Seyed-Hamid R.; Memarnejadian, Arash; Aghasadeghi, Mohammad R.; Mostafavi, Ehsan; Mohraz, Minoo; Jabbari, Hossain; Kamali, Kianoush; Keyvani, Hossein; Azadmanesh, Kayhan; Sugiura, Wataru
- Abstract
Objective: Drug-resistant (DR) HIV emerges during combined antiretroviral treatment (cART), creating concern about widespread transmission of DR-HIV as cART is expanded in resource-limited countries. The aim of this study was to determine the predominant HIV-1 subtypes and prevalence of transmitted DR mutations among antiretroviral-naïve patients in Iran. Design: To monitor transmission of DR HIV, a threshold surveillance based on the world health organization (WHO) guidelines was implemented in Iran. Methods: For this HIVDR threshold surveillance study, blood samples were collected from 50 antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1-infected patients. Antiretroviral-resistant mutations were determined by sequencing HIV-1 protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase regions. The HIV-1 subtype was determined by sequencing the p17 and C2-V5 regions of the gag and env genes, respectively. Results: Phylogenetic analyses of the sequenced regions revealed that 45 (95.7%) of 47 samples that were successfully obtained were CRF35_AD. The remaining two cases were subtype B (2.1%) and CRF01_AE (2.1%). Consistent results were obtained also from Env and Gag sequences. Regarding prevalence of transmitted DR viruses, two cases were found to harbor reverse transcriptase-inhibitor-resistant mutations (4.3%). In addition, although not in the WHO list for surveillance of transmitted mutations, 13 minor protease-inhibitor-resistant mutations listed in the International AIDS Society-USA panel of drug resistance mutations were found. No DR mutations were detected in the integrase region. Conclusions: Our study clarified that CRF35_AD is the major subtype among HIV-1-infected patients in Iran. According to the WHO categorization method of HIVDR threshold survey, the prevalence of transmitted drug resistant HIV in Iran was estimated as moderate (5–15%).
- Subjects
IRAN; HIV prevention; HIV infection transmission; DRUG resistance; ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; GENETIC mutation; WORLD Health Organization
- Publication
PLoS ONE, 2013, Vol 8, Issue 4, p1
- ISSN
1932-6203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0061864