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- Title
Human facilitation of sap‐feeding birds in the Bijagós archipelago, West Africa.
- Authors
Gutiérrez, Jorge S.; Catry, Teresa; Granadeiro, José Pedro
- Abstract
Few animal groups have evolved the ability to feed on phloem sap (Douglas [13]) yet some bird species (e.g. woodpeckers and hummingbirds) include this energy-rich food resource in their diets (Southwick & Southwick [33], Sutherland I et al i . Birds of the three species visited the sap holes and perched on the wooden sticks that tappers use to nail the leaf funnels to the sap holes. Although our observations cover only the dry season in one locality, these human-bird associations may apply to a much broader geographical area (see Fig. for the geographical ranges of bird species and wine tapping in Africa) and possibly to other species as well (see Rasal [31] for similar human-bird associations in Asia). The birds in our study site were not individually marked; however, we are certain that several different individuals fed on the sap of tapped Oil-palm trees (some birds were simultaneously observed at different sap wells, on either the same or different trees).
- Subjects
WEST Africa; BIRDS; ARCHIPELAGOES; PASSERIFORMES; NON-alcoholic beverages; OIL palm
- Publication
Ibis, 2020, Vol 162, Issue 1, p250
- ISSN
0019-1019
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/ibi.12790