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- Title
Estimation of spawning habitats of market squid ( Doryteuthis opalescens) from field surveys of eggs off Central and Southern California.
- Authors
Zeidberg, Louis D.; Butler, John L.; Ramon, Darlene; Cossio, Anthony; Stierhoff, Kevin L.; Henry, Annette
- Abstract
Like many other loliginid squid, Doryteuthis (Loligo) opalescens deposits egg cases on the ocean floor. Depending upon temperature, egg cases may persist for 5-12 weeks before the paralarvae hatch. Because of this relatively long duration and squid's pelagic life history, egg cases provide a practical life stage to survey. During 2001-2002, squid egg beds in Monterey Bay, Carmel Bay, and around the California Channel Islands were surveyed using a remotely operated vehicle with the goal of delineating the habitat of egg beds that are spawned during active commercial fishing. Egg cases were highly aggregated and densities reached 1338 capsules m−2. Squid eggs were significantly shallower in Central California. Egg cases occurred between 20 and 93 m around the Channel Islands, and in Central California they were between 13 and 61 m. The temperatures in both regions were similar (10-12 °C), with some eggs in Southern California found up to 14.4 °C. Ninety-five percent of eggs were found on sand, suggesting that temperature and substrate are stronger behavioral cues than depth to stimulate spawning. Suitable spawning habitat was defined by three criteria: sandy benthic substrate, temperatures between 10 and 14.4 °C, and depths between 20 and 70 m when the first two criteria hold. Additionally, within this defined area, oxygen concentration is quantified. The greatest commercial landings of market squid occur in both Central and Southern California during a time of year when water temperatures of 10-12 °C are prevalent in the 20-70 m depth range.
- Subjects
SOUTHERN California; SPAWNING; REPRODUCTION; SQUIDS; LOLIGO opalescens; EGGS; LIFE history theory
- Publication
Marine Ecology, 2012, Vol 33, Issue 3, p326
- ISSN
0173-9565
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1439-0485.2011.00498.x