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- Title
The Magnitude of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Parental and Observational Measures of Behavioral Inhibition and Shyness in Toddlerhood.
- Authors
Smith, Ashley; Rhee, Soo; Corley, Robin; Friedman, Naomi; Hewitt, John; Robinson, JoAnn
- Abstract
Behavioral inhibition is a temperamental trait that refers to slow approach to novel items, shyness towards new people, and fearfulness in new situations, and individuals may develop inhibited response styles by as early as 2 years of age. There are important methodological considerations in the assessment of early temperament, with parental report and observational measures providing both corroborative and unique data. The present study examined behavioral inhibition measured by parental report and observational measures in a genetically informative sample to delineate the agreement between the methods and the uniqueness of each method, and to estimate the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on the common and unique variance. The biometric, psychometric, and rater bias models were conducted to study the covariance between measurement modalities. Overall, the results suggested a common phenotype was assessed by both parents and observers. The latent phenotype underlying parental and observational measures of behavioral inhibition was moderately to substantially heritable.
- Subjects
CHILDHOOD attitudes; GENOTYPE-environment interaction; RESPONSE inhibition; BASHFULNESS; PHENOTYPES; SCIENTIFIC observation
- Publication
Behavior Genetics, 2012, Vol 42, Issue 5, p764
- ISSN
0001-8244
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10519-012-9551-0