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- Title
Aspirin and Cancer Survival: An Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms.
- Authors
Pandey, Manoj; Rajput, Monika; Singh, Pooja; Shukla, Mridula; Zhu, Bin; Koshiol, Jill
- Abstract
Simple Summary: The use of aspirin has shown a definite role in the prevention of cancer; however, its effect on survival is still debated. The evidence from randomized trials failed to show any benefit, while cohort studies have demonstrated its usefulness. This is attributed to the use of different doses of aspirin in differing studies. This article explores the plausible mechanisms through which aspirin may exert its effect on improving survival. It is possible that the use of aspirin as adjunct to standard care may lead to better survival in cancer, though the actual effect would have to be demonstrated in clinical trials. The benefit of aspirin on cancer survival is debated. Data from randomized clinical trials and cohort studies are discordant, although a meta-analysis shows a clear survival advantage when aspirin is added to the standard of care. However, the mechanism by which aspirin improves cancer survival is not clear. A PubMed search was carried out to identify articles reporting genes and pathways that are associated with aspirin and cancer survival. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis was carried out using web-based tools. Gene–gene and protein–protein interactions were evaluated. Crosstalk between pathways was identified and plotted. Forty-one genes were identified and classified into primary genes (PTGS2 and PTGES2), genes regulating cellular proliferation, interleukin and cytokine genes, and DNA repair genes. The network analysis showed a rich gene–gene and protein–protein interaction between these genes and proteins. Pathway enrichment showed the interleukin and cellular transduction pathways as the main pathways involved in aspirin-related survival, in addition to DNA repair, autophagy, extracellular matrix, and apoptosis pathways. Crosstalk of PTGS2 with EGFR, JAK/AKT, TP53, interleukin/TNFα/NFκB, GSK3B/BRCA/PARP, CXCR/MUC1, and WNT/CTNNB pathways was identified. The results of the present study demonstrate that aspirin improves cancer survival by the interplay of 41 genes through a complex mechanism. PTGS2 is the primary target of aspirin and impacts cancer survival through six primary pathways: the interleukin pathway, extracellular matrix pathway, signal transduction pathway, apoptosis pathway, autophagy pathway, and DNA repair pathway.
- Subjects
SURVIVAL; INTERLEUKINS; CYTOKINES; PROTEINS; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; ONLINE information services; AUTOPHAGY; NONSTEROIDAL anti-inflammatory agents; SYSTEMATIC reviews; APOPTOSIS; CELLULAR signal transduction; BIOINFORMATICS; CANCER patients; ASPIRIN; CELL proliferation; GENES; EXTRACELLULAR matrix; TRANSFERASES; RESEARCH funding; GENOMES; TUMORS; ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval); DNA repair; MEDLINE; OVERALL survival; PHARMACODYNAMICS
- Publication
Cancers, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 1, p223
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers16010223