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- Title
Exposure to Hantavirus is a Risk Factor Associated with Kidney Diseases in Sri Lanka: A Cross Sectional Study.
- Authors
Sarathkumara, Yomani D.; Gamage, Chandika D.; Lokupathirage, Sithumini; Muthusinghe, Devinda S.; Nanayakkara, Nishantha; Gunarathne, Lishanthe; Shimizu, Kenta; Tsuda, Yoshimi; Arikawa, Jiro; Yoshimatsu, Kumiko
- Abstract
Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) imposes a substantial burden on public health in Sri Lankan agricultural communities. High seroprevalences of hantavirus have been reported in CKDu patients in several locations of Sri Lanka. We carried out a cross-sectional study followed by an unmatched case-control comparison in two geographically distinct areas of Sri Lanka, Girandurukotte (CKDu endemic) and Kandy (CKDu non-endemic) to determine whether exposure to hantaviruses is a potential risk factor in patients with kidney disease. An indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay using two antigens, Thailand orthohantavirus-infected and recombinant N protein-expressing Vero E6 cells, were used for serodiagnosis. Participants' demographic and other socio-economic data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Fifty kidney disease patients and 270 controls from Kandy and 104 kidney disease patients and 242 controls from Girandurukotte were examined. Seropositivities were 50% and 17.4% in kidney patients and controls, respectively, in Girandurukotte, and they were 18% and 7% in Kandy. The odds of exposure to hantaviruses were higher for kidney disease patients than for controls in both Girandurukotte (OR:3.66, 95% CI:2.01 to 6.64) and Kandy (OR:2.64, 95% CI:1.07 to 6.54) in binary logistic regression models. According to statistical analysis, individuals exposed to hantaviruses had a higher risk of developing renal impairment. Therefore, hantavirus infection might be an important risk factor for development of kidney disease in Sri Lanka.
- Subjects
SRI Lanka; THAILAND; KIDNEY diseases; HANTAVIRUS diseases; DISEASE risk factors; ETIOLOGY of diseases; HANTAVIRUSES
- Publication
Viruses (1999-4915), 2019, Vol 11, Issue 8, p700
- ISSN
1999-4915
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/v11080700