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- Title
Maternal Nutrition, Body Composition and Gestational Weight Gain on Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age—A Cohort Study in an Indian Urban Slum.
- Authors
Mamidi, Raja Sriswan; Banjara, Santosh Kumar; Manchala, Sridevi; Babu, Ch Khadar; Geddam, J. J. Babu; Boiroju, Naveen Kumar; Varanasi, Bhaskar; Neeraja, G.; Reddy, G. Venkat Raji; Ramalakshmi, B. A.; Hemalatha, R.; Meur, Gargi
- Abstract
Maternal nutritional status and care during pregnancy are essential for adequate birth weight. In this prospective cohort study (N = 1061) in an urban slum, we investigated the association of maternal anthropometry, body composition, gestational weight gain and dietary intakes with low birthweight (LBW, <2.5 kg). About one-third of the women were short (<150 cm), 35% were underweight (<45 kg), 23% suffered from chronic energy deficiency (CED, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and another 30% were overweight/obese. The mean age and BMI were 23 years and 21.7 kg/m2, respectively, and haemoglobin was 10.73 g/dL. The mean birthweight (N = 605) was 2.81 ± 0.5 kg, and the average gestational age was 38 ± 2 weeks. About 15% of infants had LBW, and 48% were small for gestational age (SGA). Maternal body composition was assessed by skinfold thickness (SFT) in all trimesters. In the first trimester (N = 762), we found that mean fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and body fat percentage (% BF) were 38.86 kg, 11.43 kg and 21.55%, respectively. Low birthweight was significantly associated with preterm deliveries (p < 0.001) and less fat free mass (p = 0.02) in the third trimester. Among other factors were age (p = 0.017), maternal anthropometry (height: p = 0.031; weight: p = 0.059) and fewer antenatal check-ups (p = 0.037). Small size (SGA) was consistently associated with maternal bodyweight at all trimesters (term I, p = 0.013, term II, p = 0.003 and term III, p < 0.001), fat mass in the third trimester (p < 0.001) and maternal height (p = 0.003).
- Subjects
INDIA; MOTHERS; BODY composition; WEIGHT gain in pregnancy; DURATION of pregnancy; NUTRITIONAL requirements; POVERTY areas; LOW birth weight; RESEARCH funding; QUESTIONNAIRES; METROPOLITAN areas; SMALL for gestational age; LONGITUDINAL method
- Publication
Children, 2022, Vol 9, Issue 10, p1460
- ISSN
2227-9067
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/children9101460