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- Title
Anthropogenic Temperature and Salinity Changes in the Southern Ocean.
- Authors
Hobbs, William R.; Roach, Christopher; Roy, Tilla; Sallée, Jean-Baptiste; Bindoff, Nathaniel
- Abstract
In this study, we compare observed Southern Ocean temperature and salinity changes with the historical simulations from 13 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), using an optimal fingerprinting framework. We show that there is an unequivocal greenhouse gas–forced warming in the Southern Ocean. This warming is strongest in the Subantarctic Mode Waters but is also detectable in denser water masses, which has not been shown in previous studies. We also find greenhouse gas–forced salinity changes, most notably a freshening of Antarctic Intermediate Waters. Our analysis also shows that non–greenhouse gas anthropogenic forcings—anthropogenic aerosols and stratospheric ozone depletion—have played an important role in mitigating the Southern Ocean's warming. However, the detectability of these responses using optimal fingerprinting is model dependent, and this result is therefore not as robust as for the greenhouse gas response.
- Subjects
OZONE layer depletion; STRATOSPHERIC aerosols; OCEAN; SEAWATER salinity; OCEAN temperature
- Publication
Journal of Climate, 2021, Vol 34, Issue 1, p215
- ISSN
0894-8755
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0454.1