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- Title
Facilitating the removal of Reactive Blue 194 dye from wastewater under optimized conditions.
- Authors
Bokhari, Tanveer Hussain; Noreen, Ayesha; Khosa, Muhammad Kaleem; Usman, Muhammad; Iqbal, Mazhar; Al Huwayz, Maryam; Alwadai, Norah; Iqbal, Shahid; Iqbal, Munawar; Nazir, Arif
- Abstract
The paper emphases on the removal of Reactive Blue 194 dye (RB-194) using different process variables alone and in combination as well. A Cs-137 γ-radiation source was used to treat RB-194 at a dose rate of 669 Gy/h (Gray/h) with 1-10 kGy irradiation dose in the presence of (0.2-0.6 mL) hydrogen peroxide. The optimization of various process variables such as pH, γ-radiations absorbed dose, initial concentration of RB-194 and concentration of H2O2 were done to achieve thoroughgoing degradation. The dye was considerably degraded (79%) by γ-radiation but the addition of 0.6 mL H2O2 increased the degradation to 97% at a 10 kGy irradiation dose in acidic pH. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy technique confirmed the presence of various useful groups. The fragmented by-products of RB-194 produced by irradiation at a 10 kGy dose were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed that dye molecules are degraded after decolorization to lower molecular weight substances, primarily organic acids, and carbon dioxide. The findings demonstrated that RB-194 could be efficiently removed from wastewater using γ-radiations along H2O2.
- Subjects
COLOR removal (Sewage purification); LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry; SEWAGE; INFRARED spectroscopy; CARBON dioxide; HYDROGEN peroxide
- Publication
Desalination & Water Treatment, 2023, Vol 307, p196
- ISSN
1944-3994
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5004/dwt.2023.29854