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- Title
Bantu-Ubangi language contact and the origin of labial-velar stops in Lingombe (Bantu, C41, DRC).
- Authors
Bostoen, Koen; Donzo, Jean-Pierre
- Abstract
We examine the origin of labial-velar stops in Lingombe, a language from the northern Bantu borderland. Labial-velar stops are uncommon in Bantu. It is generally believed that they were acquired through contact with neighbouring non-Bantu speakers, in casu Ubangi languages. We show that the introduction of labial-velar stops in Lingombe is indeed a contact-induced change, but one which could not happen through superficial contact. It involved advanced bilingualism, whereby Ubangi speakers left a phonological substrate in the Bantu language to which they shifted. Once adopted, these loan phonemes underwent a further language-internal extension to native vocabulary, a process known as 'hyperadaptation'. Both conventional sound symbolism and the deliberate attempt to differentiate the speech of one's own social group were important for the further proliferation of labial-velar stops in Lingombe. This type of conscious analogical sound change is at odds with Neogrammarian principles of regular sound change.
- Subjects
NGOMBE language; UBANGI languages; BANTU-speaking peoples; LANGUAGE contact; CODE switching (Linguistics)
- Publication
Diachronica, 2013, Vol 30, Issue 4, p435
- ISSN
0176-4225
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1075/dia.30.4.01bos