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- Title
Injuries to appendage extremities and digit tips: A clinical and cellular update.
- Authors
Rinkevich, Yuval; Maan, Zeshaan N.; Walmsley, Graham G.; Sen, Subhro K.
- Abstract
ABSTRACT Background The regrowth of amputated appendage extremities and the distal tips of digits represent models of tissue regeneration in multiple vertebrate taxa. In humans, digit tip injuries, including traumatic amputation and crush injuries, are among the most common type of injury to the human hand. Despite clinical reports demonstrating natural regeneration of appendages in lower vertebrates and human digits, current treatment options are suboptimal, and are complicated by the anatomical complexities and functions of the different tissues within the digits. Results: In light of these challenges, we focus on recent advancements in understanding appendage regeneration from model organisms. We pay special attention to the cellular programs underlying appendage regeneration, where cumulative data from salamanders, fish, frogs, and mice indicate that regeneration occurs by the actions of lineage-restricted precursors. We focus on pathologic states and the interdependency that exists, in both humans and animal models, between the nail organ and the peripheral nerves for successful regeneration. Conclusions: The increased understanding of regeneration in animal models may open new opportunities for basic and translational research aimed at understanding the mechanisms that support limb regeneration, as well as amelioration of limb abnormalities and pathologies. Developmental Dynamics 244:641-650, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Publication
Developmental Dynamics, 2015, Vol 244, Issue 5, p641
- ISSN
1058-8388
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/dvdy.24265