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- Title
Lifelong Residential Exposure to Green Space and Attention: A Population-based Prospective Study.
- Authors
Dadvand, Payam; Tischer, Christina; Estarlich, Marisa; Llop, Sabrina; Dalmau-Bueno, Albert; López-Vicente, Monica; Valentín, Antònia; de Keijzer, Carmen; Fernández-Somoano, Ana; Lertxundi, Nerea; Rodriguez-Dehli, Cristina; Gascon, Mireia; Guxens, Monica; Zugna, Daniela; Basagaña, Xavier; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.; Ibarluzea, Jesus; Ballester, Ferran; Sunyer, Jordi
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Natural environments, including green spaces, may have beneficial impacts on brain development. However, longitudinal evidence of an association between long-term exposure to green spaces and cognitive development (including attention) in children is limited. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the association between lifelong residential exposure to green space and attention during preschool and early primary school years. METHODS: This longitudinal study was based on data from two well-established population-based birth cohorts in Spain. We assessed lifelong exposure to residential surrounding greenness and tree cover as the average of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index and vegetation continuous fields, respectively, surrounding the child's residential addresses at birth, 4-5 y, and 7 y. Attention was characterized using two computerbased tests: Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) at 4-5 y (n=888) and Attentional Network Task (ANT) at 7 y (n=987). We used adjusted mixed effects models with cohort random effects to estimate associations between exposure to greenness and attention at ages 4-5 and 7 y. RESULTS: Higher lifelong residential surrounding greenness was associated with fewer K-CPT omission errors and lower K-CPT hit reaction timestandard error (HRT-SE) at 4-5 y and lower ANT HRT-SE at 7 y, consistent with better attention. This exposure was not associated with K-CPT commission errors or with ANT omission or commission errors. Associations with residential surrounding tree cover also were close to the null, or were negative (for ANT HRT-SE) but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Exposure to residential surrounding greenness was associated with better scores on tests of attention at 4-5 y and 7 y of age in our longitudinal cohort.
- Subjects
SPAIN; ATTENTION; CHILD development; COGNITIVE testing; CONFIDENCE intervals; LONGITUDINAL method; NATURE; PROBABILITY theory; REACTION time; STATISTICS; DATA analysis; RESIDENTIAL patterns; DESCRIPTIVE statistics
- Publication
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2017, Vol 125, Issue 9, p1
- ISSN
0091-6765
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1289/EHP694