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- Title
Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah: An Effective Negotiator and Achievement of Pakistan.
- Authors
Sultana, Kishwar
- Abstract
Pakistan came into being on 14 August 1947 as a result of political dialogues by Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah with the British Viceroys, Congress and other leaders who were opposed to the idea of Pakistan. These dialogues have a long history since 1939, but the final round took place under the Viceroyalty of last British Viceroy Lord Mountbatten who headed these dialogues towards the final phase and on 3 June 1947 these dialoguers culminated in the shape of Partition Plan to divide British India into Pakistan and Hindustan. Resultantly, Pakistan attained independence on 14 August and Hindustan attained independence on 15 August 1947, under the Independence Act 1947 passed by the British Parliament in July 1947. Initial dialogues on the issue of Pakistan, in a veiled form, were with Lord Linlithgow in Sept. 1939 but they became more specific in March-August 1940 and March-April 1942. Then meaningful dialogues were with Lord Wavell in June-July 1945. As a result of these dialogues, elections of 1945-1946 were held in which more than 90% of the All-India Muslim League candidates won on Muslim seats in the Central Assembly and Provincial Assemblies. This further strengthened the position of Quaid-i-Azam who represented 90 % voice of the Muslim India which was not possible for the British to ignore. Still an effort was made to sidetrack Jinnah's popularity on the issue of Pakistan by the Cabinet Mission during March-May 1946. When Jinnah's voice was ignored, he had to resort to Direct Action Day on 16 August 1946. The other trap was installing of Muslim League's five Ministers in the Wavell Cabinet in Sept. 1946. But this trap also failed because Quaid-i-Azam was determined to create Pakistan even though Wavell took Jinnah and Nehru to London in Dec 1946 for diverting attention from Pakistan. Once all these efforts to sidetrack the issue of Pakistan failed, it was decided to change the Viceroy on the whims of the Congress Caucus. Thus, Lord Mountbatten joined in March 1947 to settle the issue once and for all.
- Subjects
PAKISTAN; INDIAN Muslims; JINNAH, Muhammad Ali, 1876-1948; BRITISH occupation of India, 1765-1947; DIRECT action; ACHIEVEMENT; CABINET officers
- Publication
Pakistan Vision, 2023, Vol 24, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
1681-5742
- Publication type
Article