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- Title
Geological long-term preconditions controlling the impact of medieval storm flood events in the western Jade Bay (southern North Sea).
- Authors
Karle, Martina; Frechen, Manfred; Wehrmann, Achim
- Abstract
During the early to mid-Holocene transgression, the coastal plain of the central Wadden Sea was widely levelled by sedimentary filling of the pre-Holocene relief. Contemporaneously, deeply incised channels drained the Pleistocene upland to a few river outlets, which were successively transformed into a tidal channel network with brackish conditions. After a period lasting 4 ka of coastal peat growth and distal tidal deposition, a re-entrance of the tidal environment into the former channel system can be observed; however, this occurred under a strong decelerated sea-level rise. Using lithostratigraphic and sedimentological core data together with radiocarbon dating, the Holocene deposits of the western Jade Bay region were investigated, focusing on the position and timing of tidal channels and potential erosional features. Maps of the pre-Holocene surface as well as profile types were analysed to identify the distribution and depositional evolution of the tidal basin infill. Some of the early Holocene channels were repeatedly reactivated since approximately 2000 cal BP. The maximum extent of the tidal environment was reached between the 14th and 16th century, when a series of consecutive storm events eroded vast areas of former peatland in the western Jade Bay by reopening and reactivating the palaeochannels, which consequently resulted in a landward expansion of the intertidal area. Subsequently, this sufficient tidal sediment supply first led to natural silting-up in the higher (landward) coastal plain, while the more seaward areas were then stepwise recovered by land reclamation from the 16th century onwards. This study aims to demonstrate the role of long-term geological preconditions for medieval land loss in the western Jade Bay after severe storm flood events.
- Subjects
STORM surges; ABSOLUTE sea level change; TIDAL basins; COASTAL plains; SEVERE storms; FLOOD warning systems; RIVER channels
- Publication
Journal of Applied & Regional Geology / Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften (ZDGG), 2021, Vol 172, Issue 4, p429
- ISSN
1860-1804
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1127/zdgg/2021/0260