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- Title
Embedding capacity estimation of reversible watermarking schemes.
- Authors
IYER, RISHABH; BORSE, RUSHIKESH; CHAUDHURI, SUBHASIS
- Abstract
Estimation of the embedding capacity is an important problem specifically in reversible multi-pass watermarking and is required for analysis before any image can be watermarked. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for estimating the embedding capacity of a given cover image under multi-pass embedding, without actually embedding the watermark. We demonstrate this for a class of reversible watermarking schemes which operate on a disjoint group of pixels, specifically for pixel pairs. The proposed algorithm iteratively updates the co-occurrence matrix at every stage to estimate the multi-pass embedding capacity, and is much more efficient vis-a-vis actual watermarking. We also suggest an extremely efficient, pre-computable tree based implementation which is conceptually similar to the co-occurrence based method, but provides the estimates in a single iteration, requiring a complexity akin to that of single pass capacity estimation. We also provide upper bounds on the embedding capacity. We finally evaluate performance of our algorithms on recent watermarking algorithms.
- Subjects
DIGITAL watermarking; EMBEDDING theorems; PIXELS; IMAGE processing; ESTIMATION theory
- Publication
Sādhanā: Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences, 2014, Vol 39, Issue 6, p1357
- ISSN
0256-2499
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s12046-014-0288-8