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- Title
Eye size and shape in newborn children and their relation to axial length and refraction at 3 years.
- Authors
Lim, Laurence Shen; Chua, Sharon; Tan, Pei Ting; Cai, Shirong; Chong, Yap ‐ Seng; Kwek, Kenneth; Gluckman, Peter D.; Fortier, Marielle V.; Ngo, Cheryl; Qiu, Anqi; Saw, Seang ‐ Mei
- Abstract
Purpose To determine if eye size and shape at birth are associated with eye size and refractive error 3 years later. Methods A subset of 173 full-term newborn infants from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes ( GUSTO) birth cohort underwent magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) to measure the dimensions of the internal eye. Eye shape was assessed by an oblateness index, calculated as 1 − (axial length/width) or 1 − (axial length/height). Cycloplegic autorefraction (Canon Autorefractor RK-F1) and optical biometry ( IOLMaster) were performed 3 years later. Results Both eyes of 173 children were analysed. Eyes with longer axial length at birth had smaller increases in axial length at 3 years ( p < 0.001). Eyes with larger baseline volumes and surface areas had smaller increases in axial length at 3 years ( p < 0.001 for both). Eyes which were more oblate at birth had greater increases in axial length at 3 years ( p < 0.001). Using width to calculate oblateness, prolate eyes had smaller increases in axial length at 3 years compared to oblate eyes ( p < 0.001), and, using height, prolate and spherical eyes had smaller increases in axial length at 3 years compared to oblate eyes ( p < 0.001 for both). There were no associations between eye size and shape at birth and refraction, corneal curvature or myopia at 3 years. Conclusions Eyes that are larger and have prolate or spherical shapes at birth exhibit smaller increases in axial length over the first 3 years of life. Eye size and shape at birth influence subsequent eye growth but not refractive error development.
- Subjects
REFRACTION (Optics); NEWBORN infant development; MAGNETIC resonance imaging; REFRACTIVE errors; OBLATENESS constant
- Publication
Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, 2015, Vol 35, Issue 4, p414
- ISSN
0275-5408
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/opo.12212