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- Title
Relative availability of zinc in ground beef and soybean protein for young swine compared with zinc carbonate as the standard.
- Authors
Veum, T. L.; Ellersieck, M. R.; O'Dell, B. L.
- Abstract
The experimental objective was to determine the relative availability of endogenous Zn in soybean protein (SP) and cooked ground beef (GB) compared with the availability of Zn from ZnC03 for young swine. Crossbred pigs (4 trials with total n = 104) were weaned at an average age of 11 d, placed in metabolism cages, and allotted to 13 treatments. The basal semipurified negative control (NC) diet contained 2 mg of Zn/kg and wet-auto-claved spraydried egg albumen (AEA) as the protein source. Reference diets were made by adding 3, 6, or 9 mg of Zn/kg from ZnC03 to the NC diet. The AEA in the NC diet was replaced with SP or GB to make diets with 3, 6, and 9 mg of Zn/kg from SP and GB. Positive control (PC) diets were made by adding 101 mg of Zn/kg from ZnC03 to the diets with 9 mg of Zn/kg from ZnC03, SP, or GB. Diets were mixed with deionized water and fed to appetite in gruel form every 3 h from 0800 to 2300 h. Pigs were weighed and blood samples were taken on d 7, 14, 21, and 28. Plasma concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, glucose, and urea N were determined. Total urine and fecal grab samples (Cr203 in diets) were collected from d 7 to 14 and d 21 to 28 to determine Cu, Fe, Zn, and N apparent balance and energy utilization. On d 29, pigs were scored visually for parakeratosis and dosed orally with 65Zn from ZnCl2. Pigs were counted for whole body gamma radioactivity on d 29 and d 34 to 36, with Zn retention estimated by extrapolation to zero time. Pigs were killed on d 36 (NC on d 29). Samples of skin, tongue, and esophagus were taken for histological evaluation, and a tibia bone was excised for measurements and breaking strength. Pigs fed the diets with 9 mg Zn/kg from GB or ZnC03 were not different in Zn availability and retained about 70% Zn (apparent balance and 65Zn) compared with 30% (P⋚0.05) for pigs fed the diet with 9 mg Zn/kg from SP. Also, pigs fed the diets with 9 mg Zn/kg from GB or ZnC03 had greater (P⋚0.05) growth performance, bone weight and breaking strength, % N retention, and % ME utilization, and smaller plasma urea N concentrations and parakeratosis scores (visual and histological) than pigs fed the diet with 9 mg Zn/kg from SP. Pigs fed the PC diets were not different in any response criteria. In conclusion, apparent Zn availability was not different from cooked GB and ZnC03, and Zn availability from cooked GB and ZnC03 was markedly greater than Zn availability from SP for young swine.
- Subjects
PIGLET nutrition; BEEF; COOKING; ZINC supplements; SOY proteins; SWINE crossbreeding; SWINE growth; PARAKERATOSIS in swine
- Publication
Journal of Animal Science, 2014, Vol 92, Issue 6, p2481
- ISSN
0021-8812
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2527/jas.2013-6921