Vertigo can be caused by many lesions at many locations both in the peripheral organ and in the central nervous system. The lesions occurring in the central nervous system should be diagnosed and treated by a neurologist, but the otolaryngologist can be of great assistance through the study of the VIIIth cranial nerve function and its connections with the oculomotor system. As examples, four different brain stem syndromes are mentioned. (These were illustrated by movies at the meeting.)