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- Title
On the origin of high-temperature ferromagnetism in the low-temperature-processed Mn–Zn–O system.
- Authors
Kundaliya, Darshan C.; Ogale, S. B.; Lofland, S. E.; Dhar, S.; Metting, C. J.; Shinde, S. R.; Ma, Z.; Varughese, B.; Ramanujachary, K. V.; Salamanca-Riba, L.; Venkatesan, T.
- Abstract
The recent discovery of ferromagnetism above room temperature in low-temperature-processed MnO2–ZnO has generated significant interest. Using suitably designed bulk and thin-film studies, we demonstrate that the ferromagnetism in this system originates in a metastable phase rather than by carrier-induced interaction between separated Mn atoms in ZnO. The ferromagnetism persists up to ∼980 K, and further heating transforms the metastable phase and kills the ferromagnetism. By studying the interface diffusion and reaction between thin-film bilayers of Mn and Zn oxides, we show that a uniform solution of Mn in ZnO does not form under low-temperature processing. Instead, a metastable ferromagnetic phase develops by Zn diffusion into the Mn oxide. Direct low-temperature film growth of Zn-incorporated Mn oxide by pulsed laser deposition shows ferromagnetism at low Zn concentration for an optimum oxygen growth pressure. Our results strongly suggest that the observed ferromagnetic phase is oxygen-vacancy-stabilized Mn2−xZnxO3−δ.
- Subjects
FERROMAGNETISM; MAGNETISM; TEMPERATURE; ZINC oxide thin films; THIN films; SURFACES (Technology)
- Publication
Nature Materials, 2004, Vol 3, Issue 10, p709
- ISSN
1476-1122
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/nmat1221