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- Title
Preparation, Characterization, and Sub-Chronic Toxicity of Carvacrol-Self-Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Towards Healthy Sprague Dawley Rats.
- Authors
Maarouf, Fenk Bakir; Rahman, Heshu Sulaiman
- Abstract
Background: Carvacrol (CAR) is the active component in essential oils (EOs) of many fragrant plants, including oregano and thyme; however, its high toxicity restricts its usage in biomedical fields, and the self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was suggested to overcome this issue. Objective: To prepare and characterize the CAR-loaded SNEDDS and to assess its toxicity profile towards healthy rats using the in vivo sub-chronic study. Methods: SNEDDS was prepared from olive oil, dimethyl sulfoxide, Tween-80, and distilled water, then CAR-SNEDDS was prepared by adding 0.5% CAR to SNEDDS and both composites were gently agitated for 72 h at room temperature. Later on, both composites were physiochemically characterized for size/charge (Zetasizer), shape (TEM), crystallinity (XRAD), composition (FTIR), and quantitated (UV-Vis). Additionally, the sub-chronic toxicity of both composites at different doses was conducted by orally treating healthy Sprague Dawley for 4 weeks. Then, the treated rats were checked for toxicological symptoms, food/water intake, and behavioral abnormality. In addition, the blood samples were tested for hematologic/biochemical changes, while vital organs (liver and kidney) were assessed for histopathological alterations. Results: The average globule size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of CAR-SNEDDS were 158.93 ± 22.18 nm, -22.56 ±1.77 mV, 0.553 ±0.31, respectively. All treated animal tissues, serum biochemical profiles, and total hemograms were normal. At 30-90 mg/kg oral doses, CAR-SNEDDS was not toxic and did not cause mortality. Conclusions: CAR-SNEDDS was successfully synthesized and characterized, and the results from sub-chronic oral toxicity studies showed that the CARSNEDDS were non-toxic and safe for biomedical fields.
- Subjects
DRUG delivery systems; SPRAGUE Dawley rats; DRUG toxicity; AROMATIC plants; ESSENTIAL oils; ZETA potential
- Publication
Natural Product Communications, 2024, Vol 19, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
1934-578X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/1934578X241230820