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- Title
Personality traits relate to chronotype at both the phenotypic and genetic level.
- Authors
Lenneis, Anita; Vainik, Uku; Teder‐Laving, Maris; Ausmees, Liisi; Lemola, Sakari; Allik, Jüri; Realo, Anu
- Abstract
Introduction: Diurnal preferences have been linked to personality but often with mixed results. The present study examines the relationships between sleep timing (chronotype), diurnal preferences, and the Five‐Factor Model of personality traits at the phenotypic and genetic level. Methods: Self‐ and informant‐reports of the NEO Personality Inventory‐3, self‐reports of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and DNA samples were available for 2,515 Estonian adults (Mage = 45.76 years; 59% females). Genetic correlations were obtained through summary statistics of genome‐wide association studies. Results: Results showed that higher Conscientiousness and lower Openness to Experience were significant predictors of earlier chronotype. At the level of facets, we found that more straightforward (A2) and excitement‐seeking (E5), yet less self‐disciplined (C5) people were more likely to have later chronotypes. The nuance‐level Polypersonality score was correlated with chronotype at r =.28 (p <.001). Conscientiousness and Openness were genetically related with diurnal preferences. The polygenic score for morningness–eveningness significantly predicted the Polypersonality score. Conclusion: Phenotypic measures of chronotype and personality showed significant associations at all three of levels of the personality hierarchy. Our findings indicate that the relationship between personality and morningness–eveningness is partly due to genetic factors. Future studies are necessary to further refine the relationship.
- Subjects
PERSONALITY; PHENOTYPES; CIRCADIAN rhythms; FIVE-factor model of personality; GENETIC algorithms; CONSCIENTIOUSNESS; OPENNESS to experience; SELF-control
- Publication
Journal of Personality, 2021, Vol 89, Issue 6, p1206
- ISSN
0022-3506
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/jopy.12645