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- Title
Chilblain or perniosis‐like skin lesions in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review of articles.
- Authors
Molaee, Hamideh; Emadi, Seyed Naser; M´Imunya, James Machoki N.; Davoudi‐Monfared, Esmat; Mohammed, Asha; Razavi, Zahra
- Abstract
COVID toes or chilblain‐like skin lesions represent a widespread and specific skin presentation mostly in the feet that may be attributed to COVID‐19 infection. They may last for several months. We conducted this study to investigate chilblain‐like lesions in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic, any predisposition, location, clinical course, and prognosis. We searched Google Scholar, Scopus, and Medline (PubMed) databases using the following keywords: "Coronavirus" OR "COVID‐19" AND "Chilblains" OR "Pernio" OR "Perniosis" OR "Children" OR "Cutaneous" OR "skin." The inclusion criteria were: (a) Studies that described the specific vascular skin lesion. (b) Studies that included patients aged >1 month till 18 years. (c) Case reports, case series, retrospective or prospective cohort studies, case–control studies. A total of 28 articles were included. The total number of children with chiblain‐like lesions (CLL) was 433. The mean age of children presenting CLL during the COVID‐19 pandemic was estimated as 12.58 ± 2.15. Of note, 53.6% of them were male. The nasopharyngeal SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR test and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies were mostly negative for the virus. In conclusion, it is crucial to be familiar with various presentations of COVID‐19 infection and their clinical significance to approach the earliest diagnosis, immediate treatment, estimate the prognosis, and finally isolate the patients to prevent spreading. Chilblain‐like lesions as a possible cutaneous presentation of COVID‐19 in children may last several months with the indolent course.
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19; CHRONIC lymphocytic leukemia; CASE-control method; ANTIBODY titer; CORONAVIRUS diseases
- Publication
Dermatologic Therapy, 2022, Vol 35, Issue 3, p1
- ISSN
1396-0296
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/dth.15298