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- Title
Abnormalities of the Ventilatory Equivalent for Carbon Dioxide in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.
- Authors
Ingle, Lee; Sloan, Rebecca; Carroll, Sean; Goode, Kevin; Cleland, John G.; Clark, Andrew L.
- Abstract
Introduction. The relation between minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) can be characterised by the instantaneous ratio of ventilation to carbon dioxide production, the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VEqCO2). We hypothesised that the time taken to achieve the lowest VEqCO2 (time to VEqCO2 nadir) may be a prognostic marker in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods. Patients and healthy controls underwent a symptom-limited, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a treadmill to volitional exhaustion. Results. 423 patients with CHF (mean age 63 ± 12 years; 80% males) and 78 healthy controls (62% males; age 61 ± 11 years) were recruited. Time to VEqCO2 nadir was shorter in patients than controls (327 ± 204 s versus 514 ± 187 s; P = 0.0001). Univariable predictors of all-cause mortality included peak oxygen uptake (X² = 53.0), VEqCO2 nadir (X² = 47.9), and time to VEqCO2 nadir (X² = 24.0). In an adjusted Cox multivariable proportional hazards model, peak oxygen uptake (X² = 16.7) and VEqCO2 nadir (X² = 17.9) were themostsignificant independent predictors of all-causemortality. Conclusion. The time to VEqCO2 nadir was shorter in patients with CHF than in normal subjects and was a predictor of subsequent mortality.
- Subjects
CARBON dioxide in the body; HEART failure patients; NATURAL ventilation; BREATHING exercises; HEART failure; BIOMARKERS; AEROBIC capacity; PROGNOSIS
- Publication
Pulmonary Medicine, 2012, p1
- ISSN
2090-1836
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1155/2012/589164