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- Title
Viewpoint: The Embryological Development of Sternalis Muscle and Implications for Trigger Point Pain.
- Authors
Hung, Laurie Y.; Lucaciu, Octavian C.
- Abstract
Sternalis muscle (SM) is a recognized variant muscle of the anterior thoracic wall. Although the morphology of SM is agreed upon, the function is unknown and the innervation and embryological origin of this muscle are areas of debate. No existing theories regarding the origin of sternalis muscle explains the variability in innervation with which sternalis muscle presents (i.e. anterior branches of 1st to 5th intercostal nerves vs. pectoral nerves). Most old and modern anatomists disagree on whether the SM is innervated by the pectoral nerves (lateral or medial or both) or the 1st to 5th intercostal nerves (anterior branches). The origin of the SM, from either the pectoralis major muscle or the rectus abdominis, is an area of dispute. Several manual therapy books have proposed trigger point pain referral patterns based on innervation from both nerves (pectoral and intercostal). The authors of this paper propose that there are two types of SM, resolving apparent disputes in the SM-focused literature and offering an explanation of existing composite pain referral patterns of SM based on innervation.
- Publication
University of Toronto Medical Journal, 2012, Vol 90, Issue 2, p24
- ISSN
0833-2207
- Publication type
Article