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- Title
Reproductive Factors but Not Hormonal Factors Associated with Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Authors
Cao, Yijuan; Wang, Zengyan; Gu, Juan; Hu, Fangfang; Qi, Yujuan; Yin, Qianqian; Sun, Qingqing; Li, Guotao; Quan, Bin
- Abstract
Many studies have investigated the association between hormonal and reproductive factors and thyroid cancer risk but provided contradictory and inconclusive findings. This review was aimed at precisely estimating this association by pooling all available epidemiological studies. 25 independent studies were retrieved after a comprehensive literature search in databases of PubMed and Embase. Overall, common hormonal factors including oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy did not alter the risk of thyroid cancer. Older age at menopause was associated with weakly increased risk of thyroid cancer in overall analysis (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.00–1.53, P=0.049); however, longer duration of breast feeding was related to moderately reduced risk of thyroid cancer, suggested by pooled analysis in all cohort studies (RR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.51–0.95, P=0.021). The pooled RR in hospital-based case-control studies implicated that parous women were more susceptible to thyroid cancer than nulliparous women (RR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.31–4.04, P=0.004). The present meta-analysis suggests that older age at menopause and parity are risk factors for thyroid cancer, while longer duration of breast feeding plays a protective role against this cancer. Nevertheless, more relevant epidemiological studies are warranted to investigate roles of hormonal and reproductive factors in thyroid carcinogenesis.
- Subjects
BREASTFEEDING; CONFIDENCE intervals; DISEASE susceptibility; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research; ETHNIC groups; HORMONE therapy; SEX hormones; HUMAN reproduction; MEDICAL information storage &; retrieval systems; LONGITUDINAL method; MEDLINE; MENARCHE; MENOPAUSE; MENSTRUAL cycle; META-analysis; ONLINE information services; ORAL contraceptives; PROBABILITY theory; THYROID gland tumors; WOMEN'S health; SYSTEMATIC reviews; RELATIVE medical risk; CASE-control method; PARITY (Obstetrics); REPRODUCTIVE history; DATA analysis software; ODDS ratio; TUMOR risk factors
- Publication
BioMed Research International, 2015, Vol 2015, p1
- ISSN
2314-6133
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1155/2015/103515