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- Title
Defining "Fishing Communities": Vulnerability and the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act.
- Authors
Clay, Patricia M.; Olson, Julia
- Abstract
As populations of many fish species worldwide have declined, the price of fuel has increased, and coastal development has mushroomed, fishing communities have suffered economic and social vulnerability. Since its 1996 re-authorization, the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (which governs U.S. marine fisheries) has included a definition of fishing community as "substantially dependent on or substantially engaged in the harvest or processing of resources to meet social and economic needs" and a requirement (National Standard 8) to minimize economic impacts and sustain participation in fisheries in these communities. These initiatives are being implemented in conjunction with a worldwide move towards ecosystem-based management. These legal and policy requirements add a new layer to theoretical discussions of "community" and "vulnerability." We review key themes arid issues from the literature on ecological anthropology, vulnerability, disasters, ecosystem-based management and fishing communities in the context of applied anthropological work in the U.S. Critical factors for understanding vulnerability in fishing communities are discussed and put in the context of more inclusive and holistic forms of management.
- Subjects
FISHING villages; AGRICULTURAL policy; BIOTIC communities; FISHERY management; MARINE resources conservation; MANAGEMENT
- Publication
Human Ecology Review, 2008, Vol 15, Issue 2, p143
- ISSN
1074-4827
- Publication type
Article