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- Title
Mu'tezile'de "Vücûb Alellah" Düşüncesi.
- Authors
KAYA, Sibel
- Abstract
In this study, the claim of Muʻtazila supposing that God has some obligatory actions (wujūb 'alállāh) to do is investigated. The consistency of this claim is examined considering the objections of other kalām schools. Also, in Muʻtazila, controversies about which actions are accepted as obligatory of God are reviewed. In the chapter regarding the bases of the idea of "God's obligation", the concept of "obligation" (wujūb) is analyzed and it is seen that in the usage of the word "obligation" for God by Muʻtazila, the meaning given to this concept by them has an important effect. Examining "obligation" in terms of its types, i.e., rational, metaphysical and moral, the valid aspects of each "obligation" type about God are discussed. "İstidlâl bi al-shâhid 'alâ al-ghâib" (the deductive of the unseen through observation) which is a rational method that Muʻtazila grounded the idea of "obligation of God" is investigated and, additionally, the apocalyptic (semʻî) references that they provided as a proof on this issue are examined. It is seen that the Ahl al-Sunnah objected to the method of "İstidlâl bi al-shâhid 'alâ al-ghâib" used in grounding this thought in two aspects. The first aspect concerns the epistemological value of the method. The second is related to the fact that they do not see "obligation" as a suitable concept for the unseen. In addition, Ahl al-Sunnah interpreted the verses to which Mu'tazila referred in this regard differently from them. Their understanding of God had a crucial effect on Muʻtazila's reaching the idea of "obligation of God". Therefore, how they were explaining God's essential and actual attributes and the relationship of these attributes with the divine essence ise studied in terms of the idea of "obligation of God". Mu'tazila scholars put forward an idea of God, whose nature is the same as His essence and they argued that God was essentially under obligation with regard to his nature. Thus, they argued that not an external obligation but God's essential attributes and His fi'ilî attributes in connection with the essential ones are decisive in the realization of divine acts. Muʻtazila expressed this decisive role of essential and fi'ilî attributes over the divine acts with the term "obligation". Thereby, it is observed that the idea of "obligation of God" which Muʻtazila reached as a conclusion of rational inference, is closely related to the image of the nature of divine essence. It is seen that the acts accepted as obligatory about God, in general, are related with the concepts of creation, religious responsibility (taklīf) and temkîn (providing for responsible people in religious terms/mukallef bih) by Muʻtazila. However, Muʻtazilī scholars do not completely agree on all these matters. The theoretical differences emerging within the Muʻtazilī schools also affected the opinions about which acts were accepted as obligatory for God.
- Subjects
ISLAMIC theology; GOD; SCHOLARS; RESPONSIBILITY; VOCABULARY
- Publication
KADER, 2021, Vol 19, Issue 2, p865
- ISSN
2602-2710
- Publication type
Article