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- Title
Techno–economic and environmental impact analysis of electric two-wheeler batteries in India.
- Authors
Gupta, Aman; Bose, Ditipriya; Tiwari, Sandeep; Sharma, Vikrant; Prakash, Jai
- Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive techno–economic and environmental impact analysis of electric two-wheeler batteries in India. The technical comparison reveals that sodium-ion (Na-ion) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries outperform lead–acid batteries in various parameters, with Na-ion and Li-ion batteries exhibiting higher energy densities, higher power densities, longer cycle lives, faster charge rates, better compactness, lighter weight and lower self-discharge rates. In economic comparison, Na-ion batteries were found to be ~12–14% more expensive than Li-ion batteries. However, the longer lifespans and higher energy densities of Na-ion and Li-ion batteries can offset their higher costs through improved performance and long-term savings. Lead–acid batteries have the highest environmental impact, while Li-ion batteries demonstrate better environmental performance and potential for recycling. Na-ion batteries offer promising environmental advantages with their abundance, lower cost and lower toxic and hazardous material content. Efficient recycling processes can further enhance the environmental benefits of Na-ion batteries. Overall, this research examines the potential of Na-ion batteries as a cheaper alternative to Li-ion batteries, considering India's abundant sodium resources in regions such as Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and others.
- Subjects
INDIA; RAJASTHAN (India); JHARKHAND (India); ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis; ELECTRIC batteries; LITHIUM-ion batteries; LEAD-acid batteries; HAZARDOUS substances; POWER density; WASTE recycling
- Publication
Clean Energy, 2024, Vol 8, Issue 3, p147
- ISSN
0918-7510
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/ce/zkad094