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- Title
Synergistic effects between variety of insecticides and an EBI fungicide combinations on bumble bees (Bombus terrestris L.).
- Authors
Raimets, Risto; Mänd, Marika; Cresswell, James E.
- Abstract
In recent year's severe decline in honey bees as well as in bumble bee populations have been observed all over the world. Pesticides have been proposed as one of the main cause of pollinators decline. Several studies show that variety of pesticides co-exist in environment and also in bee products at the same time and might therefore synergise. Fipronil, cypermethrin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid are agriculturally well known and used insecticides as well as fungicide imazalil. EBI fungicides like imazalil are functioning as detoxification inhibitor tools in insects. Thereby, the fungicide and insecticide co-occurrence might lead to synergy in bees. The cocktail-effects between insecticides and fungicides are still little studied. Aim of this study was to assess the impact of previously mentioned pesticides and their mixtures impact on bumble bee longevity and feeding rate. The bumblebee (Bombus terrestris L.) were fed with syrup containing different single pesticides and their combinations. Bees mortality and feeding rate was daily monitored. Here we show that 3 of these insecticides are synergising with fungicide and due that causing significant decrease in bumble bees longevity and feeding rate. The results from this experiment allows us to suppose that EBI fungicide imazalil inhibits the detoxification processes in bees and due that toxicity of insecticides increases. Although fungicides are considered as quite safe to bees when used appropriately and alone but in combination with insecticides might lead to faster individual death. Several studies have demonstrated impacts of single pesticides on bees, but yet there is a lack of data of synergistic effects. Future research should focus on synergistic effects of environmentally relevant doses of EBI fungicides and insecticides on pollinators longevity and physiology.
- Subjects
TOXICOLOGY of fungicides; TOXICOLOGY of insecticides; POISONING in honeybees; BUMBLEBEES; POLLINATORS; PHYSIOLOGY
- Publication
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2018, Issue 462, p176
- ISSN
1868-9892
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5073/jka.2018.462.052