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- Title
Design of Experiment Strategy for an Electrospray Ionization Optimization in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography--Mass Spectrometry Coupling.
- Authors
Bieber, Stefan; Moser, Stefan; Bilke, Hans-Werner; Letzel, Thomas
- Abstract
The optimization of adjustable factors in electrospray ionization (ESI) by design of experiments (DoE) is presented in this article. This approach allows a comprehensive and systematic optimization of all relevant factors for the ionization of compounds and increases understanding about factors that influence ionization efficiency. In total, 32 different compounds were separated by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), ionized, and then detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). A three-stage optimization process was used to find a robust setting point for eight factors influencing the ionization for SFC-separated compounds. The results obtained for all eight factors were evaluated by multivariate statistics. At first, the influence of all eight factors on the ionization of compounds and applicable factor ranges was investigated in a geometric experimental design. Subsequently, a more comprehensive design was used to identify optimal factor settings to reduce factor ranges. Finally, the robustness of the derived setting point was assessed. The robust setting point obtained provided a sufficient ionization of all investigated compounds. The presented optimization approach allows a systematic optimization of several ionization-influencing factors, resulting in robust and statistically-assessed ionization for all the analytes investigated. In addition, design of experiments provides further information about factors that influence the ionization of compounds by electrospray.
- Subjects
SUPERCRITICAL fluid chromatography; MASS spectrometry; EXPERIMENTAL design; TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry; POINT set theory; PROCESS optimization
- Publication
LC-GC Europe, 2019, Vol 32, Issue 10, p526
- ISSN
1471-6577
- Publication type
Article