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- Title
A Permian fish reveals widespread distribution of neopterygian-like jaw suspension.
- Authors
Argyriou, Thodoris; Giles, Sam; Friedman, Matt
- Abstract
The actinopterygian crown group (comprising all living ray-finned fishes) originated by the end of the Carboniferous. However, most late Paleozoic taxa are stem actinopterygians, and broadly resemble stratigraphically older taxa. The early Permian tBrachydegma caelatum is notable for its three-dimensional preservation and past phylogenetic interpretations as a nested member of the neopterygian crown. Here, we use computed microtomography to redescribe tBrachydegma, uncovering an unanticipated combination of primitive (e.g., aortic canal; immobile maxilla) and derived (e.g., differentiated occipital ossifications; posterior stem of parasphenoid; two accessory hyoidean ossifications; double jaw joint) dermal and endoskeletal traits relative to most other Paleozoic actinopterygians. Some of these features were previously thought to be restricted to the neopterygian crown. The precise phylogenetic position of tBrachydegma is unclear, with placements either on the polypterid stem or as an early-diverging stem neopterygian. However, our analyses decisively reject previous placements of tBrachydegma in the neopterygian crown. Critically, we demonstrate that key endoskeletal components of the hyoid portion of the suspensorium of crown neopterygians appeared deeper in the tree than previously thought.
- Subjects
MANDIBULAR joint; ACTINOPTERYGII; OSSIFICATION; PALEOZOIC Era; MAXILLA
- Publication
eLife, 2022, p1
- ISSN
2050-084X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.7554/eLife.58433