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- Title
Adding Integrative Meditation with Ear Acupressure to Outpatient Treatment of Cocaine Addiction: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.
- Authors
Chen, Kevin W; Berger, Christine C.; Gandhi, Devang; Weintraub, Eric; Lejuez, C. W.
- Abstract
Objectives: Cocaine addiction continues to be a major public health problem in the United States. With no U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmaceutical therapy, treatment often relies on psychosocial interventions. This pilot therapy development study attempts to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of adding breathing-based Integrative Meditation and Ear Acupressure (IMEA) to outpatient treatment of cocaine addiction. Design: Fifty-six (56) cocaine-dependent patients were recruited from an outpatient addiction treatment facility in Baltimore, MD and randomized into either an IMEA or a treatment as usual (TAU) group for the 12 weeks of study, with weekly meetings to monitor treatment outcomes and to facilitate meditative therapy. Outcome measures: The outcome measures consisted of treatment retention rates by week 8 and 12; abstinence rates measured by 6 continuous weeks of negative urinalysis for cocaine, and addiction-related symptoms such as anxiety, craving, depression, and withdrawal symptoms. Results: With the assistance of simplified breath training and a portable MP4 device, 80% of IMEA participants self-reported practicing breathing or meditation 5+ days a week with acceptable compliance and showed strong interest in meditative techniques. Compared to TAU, IMEA participants reported significantly higher treatment completion rates by week 8 (89% versus 63%) and week 12 (81% versus 58%), higher abstinence rates (66% versus 34%), and significantly greater reduction in craving, anxiety, and other addiction-related symptoms. Some participants continued meditation after study completion. Conclusions: It is feasible to add breathing-based IMEA to outpatient treatment of cocaine addiction. Although a number of limitations exist for this pilot study, further large-scale clinical trials and therapy-development studies of IMEA for addiction are warranted.
- Subjects
MARYLAND; ACUPRESSURE; ALTERNATIVE medicine; ANALYSIS of variance; CHI-squared test; CLINICAL trials; COCAINE; COMBINED modality therapy; DRUG addiction; DRUG use testing; EAR; LONGITUDINAL method; MEDITATION; HEALTH outcome assessment; PATIENT compliance; PSYCHOLOGICAL tests; QUESTIONNAIRES; RESEARCH evaluation; RESEARCH funding; STATISTICAL sampling; SCALES (Weighing instruments); URINALYSIS; SUBSTANCE abuse treatment; PILOT projects; STATISTICAL significance; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; TREATMENT effectiveness; DATA analysis software; STATE-Trait Anxiety Inventory; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; SYMPTOMS
- Publication
Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 2013, Vol 19, Issue 3, p204
- ISSN
1075-5535
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1089/acm.2011.0311