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- Title
The Precision, Inter-Rater Reliability, and Accuracy of a Handheld Scanner Equipped with a Light Detection and Ranging Sensor in Measuring Parts of the Body—A Preliminary Validation Study.
- Authors
Callegari, Enrica; Agnolucci, Jacopo; Angiola, Francesco; Fais, Paolo; Giorgetti, Arianna; Giraudo, Chiara; Viel, Guido; Cecchetto, Giovanni
- Abstract
Background: Anthropometric measurements play a crucial role in medico-legal practices. Actually, several scanning technologies are employed in post-mortem investigations for forensic anthropological measurements. This study aims to evaluate the precision, inter-rater reliability, and accuracy of a handheld scanner in measuring various body parts. Methods: Three independent raters measured seven longitudinal distances using an iPad Pro equipped with a LiDAR sensor and specific software. These measurements were statistically compared to manual measurements conducted by an operator using a laser level and a meterstick (considered the gold standard). Results: The Friedman test revealed minimal intra-rater variability in digital measurements. Inter-rater variability analysis yielded an ICC = 1, signifying high agreement among the three independent raters. Additionally, the accuracy of digital measurements displayed errors below 1.5%. Conclusions: Preliminary findings demonstrate that the pairing of LiDAR technology with the Polycam app (ver. 3.2.11) and subsequent digital measurements with the MeshLab software (ver. 2022.02) exhibits high precision, inter-rater agreement, and accuracy. Handheld scanners show potential in forensic anthropology due to their simplicity, affordability, and portability. However, further validation studies under real-world conditions are essential to establish the reliability and effectiveness of handheld scanners in medico-legal settings.
- Subjects
OPTICAL radar; LIDAR; FORENSIC anthropology; SCANNING systems; FORENSIC sciences; MEASUREMENT errors
- Publication
Sensors (14248220), 2024, Vol 24, Issue 2, p500
- ISSN
1424-8220
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/s24020500