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- Title
Urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolite concentrations in menstrual cycles of fertile women with non-conception, early pregnancy loss or clinical pregnancy.
- Authors
Scott A. Venners; Xue Liu; Melissa J. Perry; Susan A. Korrick; Zhiping Li; Fan Yang; Jianhua Yang; Bill L. Lasley; Xiping Xu; Xiaobin Wang
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Knowledge is limited of how estrogen and progesterone variability in fertile women are associated with achieving pregnancy. METHODS: From 1996 to 1998, we enrolled 347 textile workers without hormone treatment in Anhui, China, who provided daily urine and data upon stopping contraception for up to 1 year until clinical pregnancy. Urinary hCG was assayed to detect conception and early pregnancy losses. We compared urinary concentrations of estrone conjugates (E1C) and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) in 266 clinical pregnancies, 63 early pregnancy losses and 272 non-conception cycles from 347 women and also in 94 clinical pregnancy and 94 non-conception cycles from the same women. RESULTS: Using generalized estimating equations and relative to 266 clinical pregnancy cycles, log(E1C) was lower in 272 non-conception cycles [β = −0.3 ng/mg creatinine (Cr); SE = 0.1; P < 0.0001]. On average, daily E1C was 18 ng/mg Cr lower in non-conception cycles than in clinical pregnancy cycles. Relative to 94 clinical pregnancy cycles, log(E1C) was lower in 94 non-conception cycles (β = −0.4 ng/mg Cr; SE = 0.1; P < 0.0001) from the same women (average difference in daily E1C was 20 ng/mg Cr). The odds of E1C less than the 10th percentile (<30 ng/mg Cr) were higher in early pregnancy loss cycles [odds ratio (OR) = 4.8; P = 0.0027] than in clinical pregnancy cycles in the early luteal phase. Compared with clinical pregnancy cycles, log(PdG) concentrations were lower in non-conception cycles during the follicular phase, but this analysis lacked power for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen concentrations varied from cycle to cycle, and higher estrogen was associated with achieving clinical pregnancy.
- Subjects
MENSTRUAL cycle; ESTROGEN; PROGESTERONE; HUMAN fertility
- Publication
Human Reproduction, 2006, Vol 21, Issue 9, p2272
- ISSN
0268-1161
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/humrep/del187