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- Title
CUMULATIVE TOXIC EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS LEAD, COPPER, CADMIUM AND MOLYBDENUM IN RAT BLOOD.
- Authors
Baqer, Jasim Mohammed; Abdullal, Mahfoodh Khaleel; Ibrahim, Maysaloon Wael
- Abstract
This paper presents general research on heavy metal pollution and explains the effect of heavy metal accumulation in the body on blood tests and biochemical assays. This study was conducted at the Faculty of the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Tikrit with aim to study the effect of lead, cadmium, copper, and molybdenum poisoning on the properties of blood and biochemical assays. The study divided 45 white male mice into five groups, and a group with distilled water as control group. The lead group (PB) received (0.376) mg/kg lead acetate daily, the Cd group received (0.832) mg/kg cadmium chloride, the Cu group received (37.974) mg/kg copper sulfate, and the Mo group received (5) mg/kg ammonium molybdate. The blood parameters were measured by the Mindray BC-30S CBC device, where the red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hematocrit (HCT), intramuscular hemoglobin (MCH), average group hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and platelet count (PLT) were checked. Biochemical assays as: blood urea nitrogen (BUN) creatinine (CRE), albumin (ALB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were carried out using Cobas 111 C device, Germany. The data were statistically analyzed using the experimental system in the pre-written statistical program Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and the complete random design system (CRD). It was found that there was an increase in the number of white blood cells in the Pb group compared to the control groups, copper, cadmium and Mo groups. Also a decrease in red blood cells in the lead group compared to the control group and other groups was showed, as well as a decrease in HGB compared to the other groups. The decrease of RBC, HGB and HCT may be due to systemic hemolysis. However, in this group was showed rise in WBC, and the cause of this rise is inflammation as a result of the formation of free radicals and oxidation of cell membranes. The results also showed an increase in AST in the Pb, Cu and Cd groups compared to the control group. The kidney tests showed a decrease in albumin in the Pb group compared to the control group, and a significant decrease in BUN in all groups compared to the control group. The results showed that exposure to heavy metals in male mice increased the chance of developing anomalies in the blood system, decreased renal function, and increased liver defects in WBC, blood, and hemoglobin due to hemolysis and irregular liver enzymes. We conclude from the study that exposure to heavy metals can cause blood disorders, liver damage, and kidney failure, regardless of what we advise when assessing the risks associated with exposure to multiple heavy metals.
- Subjects
HEAVY metals; CADMIUM; BLOOD testing; CELL membranes; HEMOLYSIS &; hemolysins
- Publication
Journal of Hygienic Engineering & Design, 2023, Vol 44, p19
- ISSN
1857-8489
- Publication type
Article