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- Title
FITNESS COSTS OF RAPID COLD-HARDENING IN CERATITIS CAPITATA.
- Authors
Basson, C. Helene; Nyamukondiwa, Casper; Terblanche, John S.
- Abstract
Rapid cold-hardening (RCH) is a unique form of phenotypic plasticity which confers survival advantages at low temperature. The fitness costs of RCH are generally poorly elucidated and are important to understanding the evolution of plastic physiology. This study examined whether RCH responses, induced by ecologically relevant diel temperature fluctuations, carry metabolic, survival, or fecundity costs. We predicted that potential costs in RCH would be manifested as differences in metabolic rate, fecundity, or survival in flies which have hardened versus those which have not, or flies that have experienced more RCH events would show greater costs than those which have experienced fewer events. One group of flies cooled to 10°C for 2 h for 11 consecutive days experienced daily RCH (Hardened), whereas the other group exposed to 15°C for the same 2-h period each day formed a Control group. Hardened flies had higher survival at -5°C for 2 h than control flies (69 ± 9% vs. 44 ± 19%, P = 0.04). Hardened flies showed no metabolic or fecundity costs, but had reduced average survival ( P = 0.0403). Thus, a major cost to repeated low temperature exposures in Ceratitis capitata is through direct mortality caused by chilling injury, although this appears not to be a direct cost of RCH.
- Subjects
CERATITIS; PHENOTYPIC plasticity; COLD adaptation; INSECT metabolism; FLIES; INSECT fertility; CONTROL groups; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of cold temperatures
- Publication
Evolution, 2012, Vol 66, Issue 1, p296
- ISSN
0014-3820
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01419.x