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- Title
Never P alone: The value of estimates and confidence intervals.
- Authors
Lang, Tom
- Abstract
How results are reported influences how they are interpreted. Although P values have been granted great importance, they have no clinical interpretation. Rather, they are a measure of chance as an explanation for the results. Their eitheror interpretation takes attention away from the results themselves-the difference between groups or the effect size-which are more important. Effect sizes are also estimates. Estimates are only useful if they are accompanied by a measure of precision. In medicine, this measure is usually the 95% confidence interval (CI). This article explains the concepts underlying CIs and illustrates how they are more useful than P values in reporting research. As such, journals are increasingly asking for CIs, instead of, or at least in addition to, P values.
- Subjects
OBSERVED confidence levels (Statistics); REPORTERS &; reporting; ESTIMATES; MEDICAL research methodology; INTERPRETATION (Philosophy)
- Publication
Medical Writing, 2016, Vol 25, Issue 3, p17
- ISSN
2047-4806
- Publication type
Article