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- Title
Dietary flavonoid intake and lung cancer--a population-based case-control study.
- Authors
Yan Cui; Morgenstern, Hal; Greenland, Sander; Tashkin, Donald P.; Mao, Jenny T.; Lin Cai; Cozen, Wendy; Mack, Thomas M.; Qing-Yi Lu; Zuo-Feng Zhang; Cui, Yan; Cai, Lin; Lu, Qing-Yi; Zhang, Zuo-Feng
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Laboratory studies suggest that flavonoids are antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic. To investigate the associations between commonly consumed flavonoid compounds and lung cancer, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study of 558 lung cancer cases and a group of 837 controls.<bold>Methods: </bold>Dietary intakes of flavonoids were estimated by combining the intake frequency (collected by a food frequency questionnaire), portion size, and food composition data. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence limits (95% CLs) with an adjustment for potential confounders, including age, sex, race-ethnicity, years of schooling, smoking status, pack-years of tobacco smoking, and daily energy intake.<bold>Results: </bold>Lung cancer was associated inversely with the consumption of epicatechin (in 10 mg per day increment: OR, 0.64; 95% CL, 0.46-0.88), catechin (4 mg per day increment: OR, 0.49; 95% CL, 0.35-0.70), quercetin (9 mg per day increment: OR, 0.65; 95% CL, 0.44-0.95), and kaempferol (2 mg per day increment: OR, 0.68; 95% CL, 0.51-0.90) among tobacco smokers. There was little association between lung cancer and the flavonoid compounds mentioned above among nonsmokers. Regardless of smoking status, there was little association with total flavonoids: thearubigins, hesperetin, naringenin, and myricetin. In addition, consumption of vegetables, tea, and wine, all of which are rich sources of flavonoids, was associated inversely with lung cancer among tobacco smokers.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Certain flavonoid compounds, including epicatechin, catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol, were associated inversely with lung cancer among tobacco smokers, but not among nonsmokers. Further studies of these associations may be warranted.
- Subjects
UNITED States; FLAVONOIDS; LUNG cancer; SMOKING; CATECHIN; QUERCETIN; COMPARATIVE studies; DIET; INGESTION; LUNG tumors; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; QUESTIONNAIRES; RESEARCH; RESEARCH funding; EVALUATION research; DISEASE incidence; CASE-control method; PREVENTION
- Publication
Cancer (0008543X), 2008, Vol 112, Issue 10, p2241
- ISSN
0008-543X
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1002/cncr.23398